Manusia Proteome Project (HPP) was launched in 2010 after successful completion of Manusia Genome Project (HGP) to identify, characterise and map manusia proteome (the entire set of proteins expressed by the manusia genome). On its tenth anniversary, HPP has released the first high-stringency blueprint that covers 90.4% of the manusia proteome. As the code of life, this milestone has very significant implications for manusia health and therapeutics.
Selesai dalam 2003, Manusia Genome Project (HGP) was an international collaboration set up in 1990 with an aim to identify the complete set of manusia genes and to determine the complete sequence of DNA bases in the manusia genome. On January 15, 2001, HGP had released initial sequence and analysis of the manusia genome. Identifying, characterizing and mapping of manusia proteome (entire complement of proteins coded by the genome) was the next logical step. Therefore, Manusia Proteome Organization (HUPO) was formed on February 9, 2001 to promote proteomics research. On September 23, 2010 HUPO officially launched Manusia Proteome Project (HPP) with an aim to prepare a blueprint of the manusia proteome (1).
Analisis mengenai manusia genom predicts around 20,300 protein-coding genes. The entire set of proteins coded by these genes constitute the ‘manusia proteome’. Manusia proteome is much larger than ‘human genome’ because one gene can be expressed in range of forms (proteoforms) as a result of chemical modifications during and after translation. It is estimated that a million proteoforms may coexist in a single individual. In 2010, at the start of HPP, barely 70% of the proteins predicted by the genome analysis were identified. The agenda of the proteome project was to fill this knowledge gap. With the advances in technology, it has become possible to detect and quantify proteins and their forms with higher precision. Still, there are a good number of missing proteins (protein diramalkan oleh analisis genom, tetapi masih tidak dapat dikesan) (2,3). Projek ini masih dalam proses; namun, satu kejayaan telah dicapai.
Pada 16 Oktober 2020 pada ulang tahunnya yang kesepuluh, HPP mengeluarkan pelan tindakan ketegasan tinggi pertama yang meliputi 90.4% daripada proteom manusia (1). Ini dengan ketara meningkatkan pengetahuan kita tentang biologi manusia dan pemahaman tentang mekanisme molekul di peringkat selular dan molekul, terutamanya peranan yang dimainkan oleh proteom manusia yang secara langsung membawa kepada melaksanakan penyelidikan dan pembangunan diagnostik dan terapeutik untuk kanser, penyakit kardiovaskular dan berjangkit terutamanya untuk peribadi dan ubat ketepatan (4).
Perkembangan Manusia Protein Atlas membentangkan kemajuan yang sangat ketara untuk penyelidikan lanjut dalam bidang diagnostik dan terapeutik manusia (5,6).
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Rujukan:
- HUPO 2021. Garis Masa Proteomik. Ada pada https://hupo.org/Proteomics-Timeline.
- neXtProt 2021. Proteome manusia. Boleh didapati dalam talian di https://www.nextprot.org/about/human-proteome Diakses pada 30 Disember 2020.
- Inserm, 2020. Proteomik: kod kehidupan diterjemahkan lebih daripada 90%. Disiarkan pada 07 Disember 2020. Boleh didapati dalam talian di https://www.inserm.fr/actualites-et-evenements/actualites/proteomique-code-vie-traduit-plus-90 Diakses pada 30 Disember 2020.
- Adhikari, S., Nice, EC, Deutsch, EW et al. 2020. Pelan tindakan ketegasan tinggi bagi proteom manusia. Diterbitkan: 16 Oktober 2020. Nature Communication 11, 5301 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19045-9
- Digre A., dan Lindskog C., 2020. Atlas Protein Manusia – Penyetempatan spatial protein manusia dalam kesihatan dan penyakit. Sains Protein Jilid 30, Isu 1. Pertama diterbitkan: 04 November 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.3987
- Atlas Protein Manusia 2020. Atlas Protein Manusia Boleh didapati dalam talian di https://www.proteinatlas.org/about Diakses pada 30 Disember 2020.
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