Scientists have developed a 3D bioprinting platform that assembles functional manusia neural tissues. The progenitor cells in the printed tissues grow to form neural circuits and make functional connections with other neurons thus mimicking natural brain tissues. This is a significant progress in neural tissue engineering and in 3D bioprinting technology. Such bioprinted neural tissues can be used in modelling manusia diseases (such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s etc.) caused due to impairment of neural networks. Any investigation of disease of brain requires understanding how the manusia neural networks operate.
Pencetakan bio 3D ialah proses tambahan di mana biomaterial semulajadi atau sintetik (bioink) yang sesuai dicampur dengan sel hidup dan dicetak, lapisan demi lapisan, dalam struktur tiga dimensi seperti tisu semula jadi. Sel-sel tumbuh dalam bioink dan strukturnya berkembang untuk meniru tisu atau organ semula jadi. Teknologi ini telah menemui aplikasi dalam regeneratif medicine for bioprinting of cells, tissues and organs and in research as model to study manusia badan vitro, terutamanya manusia sistem saraf.
Kajian tentang manusia nervous system faces limitations due to unavailability of primary samples. Animal models are helpful but suffer from species-specific differences hence the imperative of vitro models of the manusia nervous system to investigate how the manusia neural networks operate towards finding treatments for diseases attributed to impairment of neural networks.
Manusia neural tissues have been 3D printed in the past using stem cells however these lacked neural network formation. The printed tissue had not shown to have formed connections between cells for several reasons. These shortcomings have been overcome now.
In a recent study, researchers chose fibrin hydrogel (consisting of fibrinogen and thrombin) as the basic bioink and planned to print a layered structure in which progenitor cells could grow and form synapses within and across layers, but they changed the way layers are stacked during printing. Instead of traditional way of stacking layers vertically, they chose to print layers next to another horizontally. Apparently, this made the difference. Their 3D bioprinting platform was found to assemble functional manusia neural tissue. An improvement over other existing platforms, the manusia neural tissue printed by this platform formed neural networks and functional connections with other neurons and glial cells within and between layers. This is the first such case and is a significant step forward in neural tissue engineering. Laboratory synthesis of nerve tissue that mimics brain in function sounds exciting. This progress will certainly help researchers in modelling manusia diseases of brain caused due to impaired neural network to better understand the mechanism for finding a possible treatment.
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Rujukan:
- Cadena M., et al 2020. Pencetakan Bio 3D Tisu Neural. Bahan Penjagaan Kesihatan Lanjutan Jilid 10, Isu 15 2001600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001600
- Yan Y., et al 2024. 3D bioprinting of manusia neural tissues with functional connectivity. Cell Stem Cell Technology| Volume 31, Issue 2, P260-274.E7, February 01, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009
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